Quick Answer
At Battery IQ, we clarify this common confusion: the federal battery rebate requires VPP-capable hardware, but you are NOT required to join a VPP. Only WA requires VPP enrollment for state rebates. NSW and SA require VPP for optional state incentives. VIC, QLD, TAS, NT, and ACT have no VPP requirements.
Do You Have to Join a VPP for the Battery Rebate?
For the Federal Rebate
Your battery must be VPP-capable (able to participate in a VPP), but you are NOT required to actually join a VPP program. You can get the full federal rebate and never participate in any VPP.
This is one of the most misunderstood aspects of the Cheaper Home Batteries Program. Many people assume they must sign up to a VPP and have their battery remotely controlled. That's not true for the federal rebate - though some state programs do require VPP enrollment.
What Does VPP Capable Mean?
A VPP-capable battery has the technical ability to communicate with external systems and respond to remote signals. Think of it like having a car with Bluetooth - you have the capability to connect to your phone, but you don't have to use it.
Technical Requirements for VPP Capability
According to AEMO (Australian Energy Market Operator), a VPP-capable battery must be able to:
- Respond to remote signals - Can receive commands to charge or discharge
- Report battery status - Can communicate state of charge, voltage, and power flow
- Support grid stability - Has advanced settings for frequency response during grid events
- Meet AS4777.2 standards - Complies with Australian inverter standards
The good news: most modern batteries from major brands already meet these requirements. If it's on the Clean Energy Council approved list, it's VPP-capable.
What Is the Difference Between VPP Capable and VPP Enrolled?
VPP Capable
Hardware specification - your battery can participate
- Battery has remote communication ability
- Required for federal rebate (on-grid)
- No contracts or commitments
- Full control over your battery
- No VPP operator involved
VPP Enrolled
Active participation - you've chosen to join a VPP
- Signed up with a VPP provider
- Optional for federal rebate
- Contract with VPP operator
- VPP can remotely dispatch your battery
- You receive payments or credits
The Bottom Line
VPP-capable is a technical feature of your battery. VPP-enrolled is a choice you make about how to use it. You can have the first without the second.
What Are the Federal Rebate VPP Rules?
The Clean Energy Regulator is explicit about this: batteries must be VPP-capable, but "there is no obligation to join a VPP" to receive the federal rebate.
On-Grid Systems
For grid-connected batteries, both the battery and inverter (if new) must be VPP-capable and on the CEC approved products list. This is a hardware requirement, not a participation requirement.
Off-Grid Systems
Off-grid installations (more than 1km from the grid, or where connection would cost over $30,000) are exempt from the VPP-capable requirement entirely. This makes sense - you can't participate in a grid-based VPP if you're not connected to the grid.
Why the Requirement?
The government included VPP capability as a requirement to "future-proof" Australia's energy grid. As millions of homes add batteries, having VPP-capable systems creates the potential for coordinated grid support during peak demand - even if most owners never opt in.
Which States Require VPP Enrollment for Rebates?
While the federal rebate doesn't require VPP enrollment, several state programs do. Here's the breakdown:
Western Australia - VPP REQUIRED
To receive the WA state rebate ($130-380/kWh), you must join an approved VPP (Battery Rewards for Synergy, Community Wave for Horizon Power) for a minimum 2-year commitment.
NSW - VPP Required for State Incentive
The NSW VPP incentive ($40-55/kWh) requires connecting to an approved VPP. However, this is optional - you can skip the state incentive and still get the federal rebate without VPP enrollment.
South Australia - VPP Required for REPS
The SA REPS VPP incentive (up to $2,050) requires connection to a REPS-approved VPP. Again, optional - skip REPS and get federal rebate only if you don't want VPP participation.
VIC, QLD, TAS, NT, ACT - No VPP Required
No state-level VPP requirements. Federal rebate requires VPP-capable hardware only. You can join VPPs voluntarily for additional income but it's not tied to any rebate.
Summary: VPP Requirements by State
| State | Federal Rebate | State Incentive |
|---|---|---|
| WA | Capable only | VPP required |
| NSW | Capable only | VPP for VPP incentive |
| SA | Capable only | VPP for REPS |
| VIC, QLD, TAS, NT | Capable only | N/A (no state rebate) |
| ACT | Capable only | N/A (loans only) |
Which Batteries Are VPP Capable?
The short answer: virtually all batteries on the Clean Energy Council approved list. The CEC list is the official source for rebate-eligible products, and VPP capability is a requirement for listing.
Popular VPP-Capable Batteries
- Tesla Powerwall 3 - 13.5kWh, fully VPP integrated
- Enphase IQ Battery - Modular, excellent VPP integration
- BYD Battery-Box Premium - Modular 5-25kWh range
- Sungrow SBR HV - 9.6-25.6kWh, strong VPP compatibility
- Sigenergy SigenStor - 5-30kWh, best V2H integration for EV owners
- Sonnen - German engineering, VPP-focused design
- Alpha ESS - Budget options from 5kWh
- Redback - Australian-made, harsh climate design
- LG RESU Prime - 16kWh, high power output
If your installer is quoting a battery and it's eligible for the federal rebate, it's VPP-capable. The CEC list has over 1,000 approved battery models.
4 Ways to Earn With Your Battery (Beyond VPPs)
VPPs are just one way to earn money from your battery. At Battery IQ, we help you understand all four types of battery arbitrage - buying energy cheap (or free) and using or selling it when it's valuable.
What Is Battery Arbitrage?
Battery arbitrage means storing energy when it's cheap (or free from solar) and using it when grid prices are high. Each method below offers different levels of control, complexity, and earning potential.
Type 1: Solar Self-Consumption
EasiestHow it works: Your battery charges from your solar panels during the day (free energy), then powers your home in the evening when you'd otherwise buy from the grid.
Complexity
Set and forget
Your Control
100% - fully automatic
Typical Savings
$800-$1,500/year
Best for: Everyone with solar. This is the baseline use case for any battery.
Type 2: Off-Peak Grid Charging
ModerateHow it works: Your battery charges from the grid during off-peak times (often 10pm-7am at ~15-20c/kWh or even free on some plans), then powers your home during peak times (35-55c/kWh). With free off-peak plans, you can power your entire home through winter at no cost.
Complexity
Some setup required
Your Control
100% - you set schedules
Typical Savings
$400-$2,000+/year
Best for: Apartments without solar, electrified homes (heat pumps, EVs), or homes in winter when solar doesn't fill the battery. Range depends on your energy usage, electrification level, and whether you have a free off-peak plan.
Type 3: Wholesale Export Arbitrage
AdvancedHow it works: With a wholesale pricing plan like Amber Electric, you can export battery power to the grid when prices spike (sometimes $1-6+/kWh during extreme events). You actively sell stored energy for profit.
Complexity
Requires engagement
Your Control
100% - you decide when
Typical Earnings
$500-$1,600+/year
Best for: Engaged users comfortable with price volatility. Requires wholesale energy plan (Amber, Localvolts) and compatible battery.
Type 4: VPP Programs
Hands-OffHow it works: You enroll in a VPP and the operator remotely dispatches your battery during grid events. You receive fixed credits or payments per kWh exported, without managing anything yourself.
Complexity
Sign up and forget
Your Control
Limited - operator decides
Typical Earnings
$200-$600/year
Best for: People who want passive income without monitoring prices. Required for WA state rebate.
Quick Comparison: Which Arbitrage Strategy Is Right for You?
| Strategy | Control | Effort | Returns | Requirements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solar Self-Consumption | Full | None | $800-$1,500 | Solar system |
| Off-Peak Charging | Full | Setup once | $400-$2,000+ | TOU/free plan |
| Wholesale Export | Full | Active monitoring | $500-$1,600+ | Amber/wholesale plan |
| VPP Program | Limited | None | $200-$600 | VPP enrollment |
You Can Combine Strategies
Most battery owners use Type 1 (solar) as their base, add Type 2 (off-peak) for winter months, and then choose between Type 3 (wholesale) or Type 4 (VPP) for grid export earnings. At Battery IQ, we can help you navigate these options - and if your preferences change over time, we can help you switch to a strategy that better suits your needs.
Should You Join a VPP? Pros and Cons
So should you join a VPP after getting your battery? Here's the honest assessment:
Pros of VPP Participation
- Extra income: $200-$1,000+ per year typical
- State rebates: Unlocks WA, NSW, SA incentives
- Wholesale prices: Some VPPs offer access to cheap energy
- Grid support: Help prevent blackouts in your area
- No upfront cost: Usually free to join
Cons of VPP Participation
- Less control: VPP can discharge your battery remotely
- Backup risk: Battery may be depleted before a blackout
- Contract lock-in: Some programs have minimum terms
- Variable earnings: Depends on grid conditions
- Battery wear: More cycles may reduce lifespan slightly
Who Should Join a VPP?
- Yes: If you want to maximise returns and don't rely heavily on backup power
- Yes: If you're in WA, NSW, or SA and want the state incentive
- Maybe: If you have a large battery with capacity to spare
- No: If backup power for blackouts is your primary reason for buying
- No: If you want complete control over your battery at all times
How Much Can You Earn From a VPP by State?
How much can you actually earn from VPP participation? It varies significantly by program, location, and market conditions.
| State | Typical Annual VPP Earnings | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SA | $500-$1,200+ | Best VPP market in Australia. High price volatility = more earning opportunities. |
| NSW | $300-$700 | Growing market. Plus $400-550 upfront VPP incentive. |
| VIC | $200-$500 | Competitive market with multiple providers. |
| QLD | $200-$400 | Lower volatility = fewer earning opportunities. |
| WA | $300-$600 | Synergy Battery Rewards pays $0.70/kWh during events. |
*Earnings vary based on battery size, wholesale prices, and number of dispatch events. SA typically sees higher earnings due to more volatile wholesale prices.
How Do VPP Dispatch Events Work?
Understanding what happens when a VPP "uses" your battery is crucial for deciding whether to join.
What Is a Dispatch Event?
A dispatch event is when the VPP operator remotely commands enrolled batteries to discharge energy to the grid. This typically happens during:
- Peak demand periods (hot summer afternoons, cold winter evenings)
- Wholesale price spikes (when prices go very high)
- Grid emergencies (unexpected generator outages)
How Often Do They Happen?
- WA (Synergy): Up to ~30 events per year, 2-6 hours each
- AGL VPP: 10-20 events per year typically
- Origin Loop: 10-20 events per year
- Amber SmartShift: Continuous optimization based on wholesale prices
What Happens to Your Battery?
- VPP sends a command to your battery's inverter
- Battery begins discharging to the grid at the commanded rate
- Energy flows out through your meter
- You receive credits/payments for the exported energy
- Event ends, battery returns to normal operation
What About Backup Power?
Most VPP programs maintain a minimum reserve (typically 20%) that's never dispatched, ensuring some backup power remains. However, if a dispatch event depletes your battery to 20% and then a blackout occurs, you'll have limited backup.
Control Options
Some VPP programs (like Amber SmartShift) allow you to set your own reserve levels and even override dispatch decisions through a mobile app. Others (like AGL VPP) have fixed reserves with less user control.
What Are the Best VPP Providers in 2025?
If you decide to join a VPP, here are the leading options:
Amber SmartShift
Best for: Maximum earnings potential, tech-savvy users
- Access to wholesale prices (can spike to $6+/kWh)
- Average earnings: $1,000+/year reported
- Full user control via app
- $25/month fee
- No contract lock-in
AGL VPP
Best for: Simplicity and stability
- $80/year guaranteed (most states) + $1/kWh during events
- 250kWh annual export cap
- Requires AGL electricity plan
- No contract lock-in (BYOB)
- 20% reserve maintained
Origin Loop
Best for: Origin customers wanting VPP income
- $200 sign-up bonus
- $1/kWh during dispatch events
- 200kWh annual cap
- Requires Origin plan
- No contract lock-in
Synergy Battery Rewards (WA)
Best for: WA residents wanting state rebate
- $0.70/kWh during dispatch events
- Up to 30 events per year
- Required for WA state rebate
- 2-year minimum commitment
- Offset credits if battery is used for VPP prep
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I get the rebate and never join a VPP?
Yes - for the federal rebate, absolutely. Your battery just needs to be capable of VPP participation. You don't have to actually join one. The battery will work normally for self-consumption.
Will joining a VPP void my battery warranty?
Generally no. Most battery warranties cover a certain number of cycles (e.g., 6,000-10,000), and VPP participation adds maybe 50-100 cycles per year - well within warranty limits. However, always check your specific warranty terms.
Can I leave a VPP if I don't like it?
Depends on the program. AGL, Origin, and Amber have no lock-in for "bring your own battery" customers. WA's scheme requires a 2-year minimum. ShineHub has a 5-year contract with clawback provisions.
What if I need the battery during a VPP event?
Most VPPs maintain a reserve (typically 20%) for backup. Some programs (like Amber) let you override dispatch events via app if you need the power. However, you may miss out on earnings for that event.
Does VPP capability add to the battery cost?
Marginally, if at all. VPP capability is now standard on most modern batteries. The technical requirements (advanced inverters, communication modules) are built into the base product. You're not paying a premium specifically for VPP features.
Content reviewed by Battery IQ Energy Analysts | Sources: Clean Energy Regulator, AEMO, AGL, Origin Energy, Amber Electric, Synergy WA | Last updated: 9 January 2026
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